17-DIMETHYLXANTHINE

SKU: orb1221366

Description

Paraxanthine is a metabolite of caffeine (sc-202514) which functions as an adenosine receptor ligand and a PARP-1 inhibitor in pulmonary epithelial cells. Studies suggest that Paraxanthine is structurally similar to caffeine and possibly mediates the physiological effects of caffeine. Also Paraxanthine acts as a competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor which increases intracellular cAMP activates PKA inhibits TNF-α and leukotriene synthesis. In addition Paraxanthine acts as a Na+/K+ ATPase enzymatic effector.

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Key Properties

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CAS Number	611-59-6
MW	180.16
Purity	>98% (HPLC)
Formula	C₇H₈N₄O₂
SMILES	Cn1cnc2[nH]c(=O)n(C)c(=O)c12
Target	Endogenous Metabolite
Solubility	DMSO:10 mM;Water:1mg/mL

Bioactivity

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In Vitro

When Paraxanthine (PX) is applied to the cultures for a prolonged period, the number of TH+neurons is augmented in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of Paraxanthine, already significant at 100 μM, increases gradually and remains optimal between 800 and 1000 μM, at 10 DIV. Counts of TH+neurons performs at different stages of maturation of the cultures indicate that Paraxanthine most likely prevents DA cell loss. GDNF, a prototypical trophic factor for DA neurons, is only slightly more effective than 800 μM Paraxanthine in rescuing DA neurons after 10 and 16 DIV when used at an optimal concentration of 20 ng/mL. About 80% of caffeine is N3-demethylated to form Paraxanthine, Unlike Paraxanthine, caffeine is poorly effective in protecting DA neurons from death For example, at a concentration of 800 μM, caffeine produces only a modest 40% increase in the number of TH+ cells at 10 DIV, whereas the same concentration of Paraxanthine optimally promotes DA cell survival (169% increase).

Storage & Handling

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Storage	Storage temperature: -20°C. Stability: ≥ 2 years
Expiration Date	12 months from date of receipt.
Disclaimer	For research use only

Alternative Names

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Paraxanthine

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