A-674563

A-674563 is a potent, selective and orally available AKT inhibitor with Ki of 11 nM (Akt1); increases the efficacy of paclitaxel in a PC-3 xenograft model; enhances the transcription of several chondrocyte marker genes, including Col2a1, Acan and Col11a2, in mouse primary chondrocytes by inhibiting Sox9 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; also suppresses FLT3-ITD positive AML both in vitro and in vivo.(In Vitro):A-674563 slows proliferation of tumor cells with an EC50 of 0.4 μM. A563 (0-10 μM) significantly decreases GSK3 and MDM2 phosphorylation in STS cells. A563 shows inhibitory effect on all STS cell lines, with IC50 values at 48 hours ranging from 0.22±0.034 μM (SW684) to 0.35 ±0.06 μM (SKLMS1). A563 induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in STS cells. A563 (1 μM/12 hr) upregulates the expression of GADD45A independent of p53. A-674563 (10-1000 nM) is anti-proliferative and cytotoxic in cultured human melanoma cells, induces melanoma cell apoptotic death, inhibited by caspase inhibitors, and inhibits melanoma cells via Akt-dependent and -independent mechanisms. A-674563 is cytotoxic and anti-proliferative when added to U937 and AmL progenitor cells, activates caspase-3/9 and apoptosis in U937 and AmL progenitor cells, and manipulates other signalings in AmL cells whiling blocking Akt.\n(In Vivo):A-674563 (40 mg/kg/d, p.o.) shows no significant monotherapy activity, but the efficacy of the combination therapy (A-674563+paclitaxel) is significantly improved in the PC-3 prostate cancer xenograft model. A-674563 (20, 100 mg/kg) increases plasma insulin in an oral glucose tolerance test. A563 (20 mg/kg/bid; p.o.) exhibits slow tumor growth and a significant difference in tumor volume without significant weight loss of mice. A563-treated tumors express increased levels of GADD45α and decreased levels of PCNA (a nuclear marker for proliferation). Additionally, TUNEL assay staining levels (marker for apoptosis) increase in the A563-treated specimens. A-674563 (25, 100 mg/kg, lavage daily) potently inhibits A375 xenograft growth in mice. A-674563 (15, 40 mg/kg) injection inhibits U937 xenograft in vivo growth, and improves mice survival.