(±)-Carnitine chloride

SKU: orb1300736

Description

(±)-Carnitine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, biosynthesized from lysine and methionine. It is widely used in biochemical research to study fatty acid metabolism, particularly in in vitro assays and in vivo models investigating energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function.

Research Area

Immunology & Inflammation, Metabolism Research, Signal Transduction

Images & Validation

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Key Properties

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CAS Number	461-05-2
MW	197.66
Purity	99.98% (May vary between batches)
Formula	C₇H₁₅NO₃·HCl
SMILES	[Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CC(O)=O
Target	Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS
Solubility	DMSO:45 mg/mL (227.66 mM);Ethanol:< 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble);H2O:37 mg/mL (187.19 mM);10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline:2 mg/mL (10.12 mM)

Bioactivity

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In Vivo

L-carnitine has been shown to modulate the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and enhance IGF-1 levels in animal studies. Its administration over two weeks can mitigate muscle mass and fiber size reduction in the soleus muscle caused by hindlimb suspension. Additionally, L-carnitine inhibits atrogin-1 mRNA expression, crucial for preventing muscle atrophy. Concurrent L-carnitine treatment also reduces renal fibrosis—associated with lowered plasma TGF-β1 levels—and addresses the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory states observed in L-NAME treated groups, alongside promoting PPAR-γ expression.

In Vitro

L-carnitine primarily facilitates the translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane by transforming acyl-CoA into acyl-carnitine via carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activation. This acyl-carnitine is then converted back into acyl-CoA within the mitochondrial matrix by CPT-II. L-carnitine's introduction enhances palmitoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration, further accelerated by ADP, showcasing a concentration-dependent effect that reaches saturation at 5 mM L-carnitine. Additionally, L-carnitine pre-treatment enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation, its DNA binding activity, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in Water2-treated HL7702 cells, providing protection against Water2-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway activation.

Storage & Handling

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Storage	-20°C
Expiration Date	12 months from date of receipt.
Disclaimer	For research use only

Alternative Names

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Inhibitor, inhibit, Monocamin, DL-Carnitine, DL-Carnitine Chloride, DL-Carnitine chloride, DL-Carnitine HCl, Carnitine Chloride, Bicarnesine, (±)-Carnitine, (±)Carnitine chloride, (±) Carnitine chloride, ReactiveOxygenSpecies, Reactive Oxygen Species

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Compound Identifiers

PubChem CID

5970 ↗

Key Properties

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No computed properties available.

Protocol Information

Find More Protocols

Purity:	99.97% (May vary between batches)
CAS Number:	55528-53-5
MW:	224.73
Formula:	C₉H₂₁ClN₂O₂

CAS Number:	162040-64-4
MW:	281.78
Formula:	C₁₂H₂₄ClNO₄

Purity:	99.67% (May vary between batches)
CAS Number:	6919-91-1
MW:	379.962
Formula:	C₁₉H₃₈ClNO₄

CAS Number:	162067-53-0
MW:	295.8
Formula:	C₁₃H₂₆ClNO₄

CAS Number:	162041-08-9
MW:	309.83
Formula:	C₁₄H₂₈ClNO₄

(±)-Carnitine chloride

Description

Research Area

Images & Validation

Key Properties

Bioactivity

Storage & Handling

Alternative Names

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