Methylene Blue

Methylene blue is a synthetic basic dye. Methylene blue stains to negatively charged cell components like nucleic acids; when administered in the lymphatic bed of a tumor during oncologic surgery, methylene blue may stain lymph nodes draining from the tumor, thereby aiding in the visual localization of tumor sentinel lymph nodes. When administered intravenously in low doses, this agent may convert methemoglobin to hemoglobin.(In Vitro):Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) (4.5 μM; BV2 microglia) alters the immune profile of LPS-activated BV2 microglia and decreases the level of CD14, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL2 mRNA.(In Vivo):Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) (50 and 100 mg/kg; i.p.; once, for 25 min; male NMRI mice) reduces absent prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) (20 and 40 mg/kg; p.o.; daily, for 6 months; CaMKIIα-tTA transactivator mice) preserves cognition in mice expressing full-length pro-aggregant human Tau.Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) (2 mg/kg; i.v.; once, for 1 d; TBI-treated male BALB/c mice) reduces TBI-induced edema and neuroinflammation and reduces acute depression-like behavior. Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) (2 mg/kg; i.v.; once, for 1 d; TBI-treated male BALB/c mice) reduces the percentage of inflammatory factor.