Rifaximin

Rifaximin is an oral, semi-synthetic antibiotic derived from Rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity, interferes with transcription by binding to the β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase; Rifaximin is widely used to treat traveler's diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy.Bacterial Infection Approved(In Vitro):Rifaximin has a good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi,Bacteroides bivius-disiens, Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus spp.,Mobiluncus spp.,Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter . Rifaximin rarely causes side effects.Rifaximin (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μM) causes significant and concentration-dependent reduction of cell proliferation, cell migration and PCNA expression in the Caco-2 cells vs. untreated cells.Rifaximin (0.1-10 μM) downregulates Akt/mTOR and p38MAPK/NF-κB pathways through a PXR-dependent mechanism.(In Vivo):Rifaximin administration (30 or 50 mg/kg/day) increases survival rates of colitic mice and reduces colitis severity by improvement of wasting syndrome, histologic scores, decrease in colon IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha (protein and mRNA) levels, and diminishes colon myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.